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urllib模块访问网络十分的方便：

1 简单的get请求

import urllibimport urllib.requesturl = "http://www.baidu.com"res = urllib.request.urlopen(url)#获取header信息对for k, v in res.getheaders():    print('%s: %s' % (k, v))#获取网页返回信息data = res.read()print(data.decode('utf-8'))#200返回状态码print(res.status)#OKprint(res.reason)url2 = "http://www.baidu.com"params={"key1":"values"}query_data = urllib.parse.urlencode(params)print(query_data)

2 复杂的Get请求

#利用Request添加header import urllib.requesturl = "http://www.baidu.com"req = urllib.request.Request(url)req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/6.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Mobile/10A5376e Safari/8536.25')with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as f:    print('状态码和返回标识:', f.status, f.reason)    for k, v in f.getheaders():        print('header键值对%s: %s' % (k, v))    print('\n')    print('网页返回值:', f.read().decode('utf-8'))

3 Post请求

from urllib import request, parse#post请求参数req_data = parse.urlencode([    ('username', "123456"),    ('password', "123456"),])#添加header信息req = request.Request('https://www.baidu.com')req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/6.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Mobile/10A5376e Safari/8536.25')req.add_header('Referer', 'https://www.baidu.com')with request.urlopen(req, data=req_data.encode('utf-8')) as f:    print('Status:', f.status, f.reason)    print('\n')    print('header 键值对：     ')    print('\n')    for k, v in f.getheaders():        print('%s: %s' % (k, v))    print('\n')    print('返回数据:', f.read().decode('utf-8'))

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